空气不变性仍旧是钠层状氧化物（NLOs）贸易化的一年夜障碍。于此，咱们注解了水蒸气只要别离与二氧化碳或者氧气耦应时，于NLOs的粉碎性酸降解以及氧化降解中起要害作用。

定量阐发注解，降低离子电位以及钠含量综合影响的阳离子竞争系数(η)以及增年夜粒径可以加强聚合物的抗酸侵蚀威力，而使用高电位氧化还原对于可以消弭氧化降解。这些发明阐了然潜于的空气恶化机制，并使空气不变NLOs的设计合理化。

▲ Abstract：

Air sensitivity remains a substantial barrier to the co妹妹ercialization of sodium (Na)–layered oxides (NLOs). We show here that water vapor plays a pivotal role in initiating destructive acid and oxidative degradations of NLOs only when coupled with carbon dioxide or oxygen, respectively. Quantification analysis revealed that reducing the defined cation competition coefficient (η), which integrates the effects of ionic potential and sodium content, and increasing the particle size can enhance the resistance to acid attack, whereas using high-potential redox couples can eliminate oxidative degradation. These findings elucidate the underlying air deterioration mechanisms and rationalize the design of air-stable NLOs.

天文学Astronomy

Ruthenium isotopes show the Chicxulub impactor was a carbonaceous-type asteroid

钌同位素注解希克苏鲁伯陨石是一颗碳质小行星

▲ 作者：MARIO FISCHER-G?DDE, JONAS TUSCH et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk4868

▲ 择要：

6600万年前发生于墨西哥希克苏鲁伯的一次陨石撞击，孕育发生了一个标记着白垩纪以及古近纪分界线的地层。这一地层含有高浓度的铂族元素，包孕钌。

咱们丈量了三个白垩纪—古近纪界限所在的样品中的钌同位素，别的五个发生于3600万到4.7亿年前的撞击，和35亿到32亿年前的撞击球体层。咱们的数据注解，希克苏鲁伯撞击物是一颗造成在木星轨道以外的碳质小行星。

别的五个撞击布局的同位素特性与造成在离太阳更近之处的硅质小行星更一致。旷古宙球粒层样品与地球吸积末了阶段含碳小行星的撞击相一致。

▲ Abstract：

An impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, occurred 66 million years ago, producing a global stratigraphic layer that marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene eras. That layer contains elevated concentrations of platinum-group elements, including ruthenium. We measured ruthenium isotopes in samples taken from three Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sites, five other impacts that occurred between 36 million to 470 million years ago, and ancient 3.5-billion- to 3.2-billion-year-old impact spherule layers. Our data indicate that the Chicxulub impactor was a carbonaceous-type asteroid, which had formed beyond the orbit of Jupiter. The five other impact structures have isotopic signatures that are more consistent with siliceous-type asteroids, which formed closer to the Sun. The ancient spherule layer samples are consistent with impacts of carbonaceous-type asteroids during Earth’s final stages of accretion.

物理学Physics

Quantum state tracking and control of a single molecular ion in a thermal environment

热情况中单个份子离子的量子态跟踪与节制

▲ 作者：YU LIU, JULIAN SCHMIDT et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado1001

▲ 择要：

于此，咱们陈诉单个份子于差别状况（“跳跃”）之间的热辐射驱动转换的及时不雅察。咱们经由过程微波驱动的改变逆转了这些“跳跃”，使患上份子逗留于选定状况的时间延伸了20倍。

丈量的跃迁速度于热情况中显示出各向同性，这注解使用单份子作为情况场强度的原位探针是可能的。咱们的状况检测以及把持要领运用广泛，促成它们于量子科学、份子物理以及离子中性化学等范畴的运用。

▲ Abstract：

Here, we report real-time observations of thermal radiation–driven transitions between individual states (“jumps”) of a single molecule. We reversed these jumps through microwave-driven transitions, which resulted in a 20-fold improvement in the time the molecule dwells in a chosen state. The measured transition rates showed anisotropy in the thermal environment, pointing to the possibility of using single molecules as in situ probes for the strengths of ambient fields. Our approaches for state detection and manipulation could apply to a wide range of species, facilitating their uses in fields including quantum science, molecular physics, and ion-neutral chemistry.

大众卫生Public Health

Mapping safe drinking water use in low- and middle-income countries

绘制低支出以及中等支出国度保险饮用水使用环境舆图

▲ 作者：ESTHER E. GREENWOOD, THOMAS LAUBER et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adh9578

▲ 择要：

得到保险饮用水是一项人权，但全世界一半以上人口保险治理饮用水办事（SMDWS）的数据是缺掉的。

咱们哄骗地舆空间建模要领，联合现有的家庭查询拜访数据以及现有的全世界地舆空间数据集，估算了135个低支出以及中等支出国度（LMICs）于次国度级的SMDWS使用环境。咱们预计，于2020年，中低支出国度中只要三分之一的人可使用SMDWS，粪便污染是影响近一半LMICs人口的重要限定要素。

咱们的研究成果有助在提高人们对于当前全世界监测要领的应战以及局限性的熟悉，并展示怎样哄骗全世界可用的地舆空间数据来弥补数据空缺，确定LMICs的优先区域。

▲ Abstract：

Safe drinking water access is a human right, but data on safely managed drinking water services (SMDWS) is lacking for more than half of the global population. We estimate SMDWS use in 135 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) at subnational levels with a geospatial modeling approach, combining existing household survey data with available global geospatial datasets. We estimate that only one in three people used SMDWS in LMICs in 2020 and identified fecal contamination as the primary limiting factor affecting almost half of the population of LMICs. Our results are relevant for raising awareness about the challenges and limitations of current global monitoring approaches and demonstrating how globally available geospatial data can be leveraged to fill data gaps and identify priority areas in LMICs.

生物学Biology

Structure and repair of replication-coupled DNA breaks

复制偶联DNA断裂的布局以及修复

▲ 作者：Raphael Pavani, Veenu Tripathi, Kyle B. Vrtis et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado3867

▲ 择要：

经由过程使用CRISPR-Cas9切割酶，咱们研究了复制机制与单链断裂（最多见的内源性DNA毁伤情势之一）之间的彼此作用。咱们注解了于前导链刻痕处的复制叉瓦解会孕育发生切除了的单端双链断裂（seDSBs），并经由过程同源重组（HR）修复。

假如这些seDSBs不克不及实时修复，相邻分叉的到来会孕育发生双端DSB（deDSB），这可能会于HR缺陷癌症中驱动基因组瘢痕。当复制叉绕过滞后链缺口时，也会间接孕育发生deDSB。

与自力在复制孕育发生的dedsb差别，缺口引诱的se/deDSB的结尾切除了是不依靠在BRCA1的。然而，BRCA1拮抗53BP1对于RAD51丝造成的按捺。这些成果凸起了维持复制叉不变性的怪异机制。

▲ Abstract：

Using CRISPR-Cas9 nicking enzymes, we examined the interaction between the replication machinery and single-strand breaks, one of the most co妹妹on forms of endogenous DNA damage. We show that replication fork collapse at leading-strand nicks generates resected single-ended double-strand breaks (seDSBs) that are repaired by homologous recombination (HR). If these seDSBs are not promptly repaired, arrival of adjacent forks creates double-ended DSBs (deDSBs), which could drive genomic scarring in HR-deficient cancers. deDSBs can also be generated directly when the replication fork bypasses lagging-strand nicks. Unlike deDSBs produced independently of replication, end resection at nick-induced seDSBs and deDSBs is BRCA1-independent. Nevertheless, BRCA1 antagonizes 53BP1 suppression of RAD51 filament formation. These results highlight distinctive mechanisms that maintain replication fork stability.

A hippocampal circuit mechanism to balance memory reactivation during sleep

睡眠中均衡影象再激活的海马回路机制

▲ 作者：LINDSAY A. KARABA, HEATH L. ROBINSON et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado5708

▲ 择要：

影象巩固触及于睡眠锐波涟漪（SWRs）中活跃的海马细胞的同步再激活。怎样于进修后均衡这类放电率以及同步性的增长以连结收集的不变性尚不明确。

咱们发明了一个由CA2锥体细胞亚群与胆囊紧缩素（CCK+）篮细胞造成的海马内回路孕育发生的收集事务，该回路于非倏地眼动睡眠时期发射一系列动作电位（BARR）。于进修历程中增长勾当的CA1神经元以及组件于SWRs时期被从头激活，但于BARR时期会被按捺。

于SWRs时期，最初的再激活增长经由过程睡眠恢复到基线程度。经由过程于BARRs时期缄默沉静CCK+篮细胞来消弭这类趋向，致使CA1拆卸的更高同步性以及影象巩固受损。经由过程于BARRs时期缄默沉静CCK+篮细胞来消弭这类趋向，致使CA1的更高同步性以及影象巩固受损。

▲ Abstract：

Memory consolidation involves the synchronous reactivation of hippocampal cells active during recent experience in sleep sharp-wave ripples (SWRs). How this increase in firing rates and synchrony after learning is counterbalanced to preserve network stability is not understood. We discovered a network event generated by an intrahippocampal circuit formed by a subset of CA2 pyramidal cells to cholecystokinin-expressing (CCK+) basket cells, which fire a barrage of action potentials (“BARR”) during non–rapid eye movement sleep. CA1 neurons and assemblies that increased their activity during learning were reactivated during SWRs but inhibited during BARRs. The initial increase in reactivation during SWRs returned to baseline through sleep. This trend was abolished by silencing CCK+ basket cells during BARRs, resulting in higher synchrony of CA1 assemblies and impaired memory consolidation.